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Costa Rica has a long-established humanitarian tradition as a country of asylum for refugees fleeing repressive regimes in other South American countries. Salvadorean refugees began arriving in Costa Rica in 1980, and many of them received assistance directed at making them self-sufficient. In Keeping Heads Above Water Tanya Basok focuses on the urban development programs funded and implemented by various international and domestic, governmental and non-governmental agencies. Basing her study on extensive field-work with Salvadorean refugees, she addresses the questions of why some small urban refugee enterprises failed, and how and why others survived and flourished.

Salvadorans --- Political refugees --- Asylum seekers --- Refugees, Political --- Refugees --- Salvadoreans --- Salvadorians --- Ethnology --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions.

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The 202022 COVID-19 pandemic reinforced inequalities between the global North and South, amplifying pre-existing disparities between national workers and migrants, many of whom sustain food supplies far from home through their work in agriculture. Leah F. Vosko, FRSC, is Professor of Political Science and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair at York University, Canada. Tanya Basok is Professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminology at the University of Windsor, Canada. Cynthia Spring is a PhD candidate in the Department of Politics at York University, Canada.

Migrant agricultural laborers --- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020 --- -Government policy --- Economic aspects --- -Epidemics --- Agricultural migrants --- Migrant agricultural workers --- Migrant farm workers --- Migrants --- Agricultural laborers --- Migrant labor --- Government policy --- -Migrant agricultural laborers --- -Influence. --- Influence.